Hollow fiber membranes are becoming popularity in wastewater treatment applications due to their high efficiency and flexibility. These membrane structures consist of tiny fibers arranged in a bundle, providing a extensive surface area for purification processes. The capillary nature of hollow fibers allows for optimized removal of contaminants fro

Polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (PVDF) have emerged as a promising approach in wastewater treatment due to their advantages such as high permeate flux, chemical durability, and low fouling propensity. This article provides a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy of PVDF membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for wastewater treatment. A variety of paramet

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors demonstrate promising as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment due to their high efficiency in removing various contaminants. This article presents a comprehensive evaluation/assessment/analysis of the performance of PVDF membrane bioreactors in treating municipal/industrial/agricultural

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) process has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its ability to achieve high removal efficiencies of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs integrate a biological reactor with a membrane separation unit, effectively combining the advantages of conventional activated sludge systems